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\u2014\u2014 \u83b1\u592b\u8c22\u8328\u7ed9\u7eb3\u4ec0\u7684\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1<\/p>\n
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\u7ed9\u83b1\u592b\u8c22\u8328\u7684\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1\u51fa\u81ea\u8fbe\u82ac\u4e4b\u624b\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u6709\u7740\u5173\u4e8e\u7eb3\u4ec0\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ec5\u6709\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5b83\u53d8\u5f97\u6781\u5176\u6709\u540d\uff0c\uff1a<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
\u5de6\u9762\uff0c\u662f\u7eb3\u4ec0\u5728\u5361\u8010\u57fa\u7406\u5de5\u65f6\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5bfc\u5e08\u8fbe\u82ac\u6240\u5199\u7684\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c01\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1\u88ab\u5bc4\u5230\u4e86\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6240\u7f57\u95e8\u30fb\u83b1\u592b\u8c22\u8328\u6559\u6388\u90a3\u91cc\uff1b\u53f3\u9762\uff0c\u662f\u62c5\u4efb\u5361\u8010\u57fa\u7406\u5de5\u6570\u5b66\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u7684\u8f9b\u683c\u6240\u5199\u7684\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aPrinceton University Archives \uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7eb3\u4ec0\u5728\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u5c31\u8bfb\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff081948 – 1951\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u662f\u7531\u7ef4\u5e03\u4f26\uff08Oswald Veblen\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u88c5\u7740\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u6240\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e1a\u5185\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u94c5\u76d2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e24\u53ea\u94c5\u7b14\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u7c89\u7b14\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u5757\u6a61\u76ae\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b83\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u201c\u4e0d\u60f3\u79bb\u53bb\u201d\u7684\u795e\u5723\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u7531\u6df1\u8272\u77f3\u5934\u73af\u7ed5\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u8d70\u5eca\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u9002\u5b9c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6f2b\u6b65\u524d\u884c\uff0c\u53c8\u9002\u5408\u5f00\u5c55\u201c\u6570\u5b66\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e92\u52a8\u201d\u3002\u4e3a\u8d44\u6df1\u6559\u6388\u9884\u5907\u7684\u4e5d\u4e2a\u4e66\u623f\uff0c\u7559\u610f\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e0d\u662f\u529e\u516c\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u6709\u96d5\u7422\u7684\u77f3\u677f\u3001\u6697\u85cf\u6a71\u67dc\u3001\u9ed1\u677f\u3001\u4e1c\u65b9\u98ce\u683c\u5730\u6bef\u4ee5\u53ca\u539a\u5b9e\u7684\u5e26\u8f6f\u57ab\u5bb6\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6bcf\u4e2a\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u90fd\u914d\u5907\u7740\u7535\u8bdd\uff0c\u76e5\u6d17\u5ba4\u90fd\u914d\u5907\u7740\u9605\u8bfb\u706f\uff0c\u4e09\u697c\u8d2e\u5b58\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u6574\u65e5\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u4e3a\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u671f\u520a\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e66\u7c4d\uff0c\u559c\u597d\u7f51\u7403\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5728\u8fd4\u56de\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u4e4b\u524d\u65e0\u9700\u518d\u8fd4\u56de\u5bb6\u4e2d\u4e00\u8d9f\uff0c\u867d\u9644\u8fd1\u8bbe\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7403\u573a\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5b83\u8bbe\u6709\u5e26\u6709\u6dcb\u6d74\u7684\u66f4\u8863\u5ba4 \u3002<\/p>\n
\u2014\u2014 \u7eb3\u8428\u5c14\u300a\u7f8e\u4e3d\u5fc3\u7075\u300b\uff081998\uff09<\/p>\n
\u7eb3\u4ec0\u90a3\u65f6\u662f\u63a8\u8fdb\u521d\u6b65\u9636\u6bb5\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u3001\u7531\u5854\u514b\u5e26\u9886\u7684\u5b66\u6d3e\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u7eaf\u7cb9\u6570\u5b66\u5c42\u9762\u7740\u624b\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5728\u610f\u7814\u7a76\u5185\u5bb9\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b9e\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u3002\u6309\u7167\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u7eb3\u4ec0\u7684\u597d\u53cb\u3001\u6469\u6839\u65af\u7279\u6069\u7684\u5f1f\u5b50\u8212\u6bd4\u514b\uff08Martin Shubik\uff0c1926 – 20\/18\uff09\u8bb2\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u7cfb\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u804c\u5de5\u4eec\uff0c\u90fd\u5904\u4e8e\u6c89\u6d78\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u91cc\uff0c\u538b\u6839\u513f\u6ca1\u5bdf\u89c9\u5230\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7cfb\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b64\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u5566\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u4ed6\u4eec\u77e5\u6653\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53bb\u5173\u5fc3\u3002\u5728\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u6ca1\u5f85\u591a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7cfb\u8ddf\u6570\u5b66\u7cfb\u4e4b\u95f4\u90a3\u79cd\u9c9c\u660e\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u6211\u7684\u5fc3\u91cc\u624e\u4e0b\u6839\u4e86\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7cfb\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u57f9\u517b\u5e38\u89c4\u535a\u58eb\u8fdb\u800c\u7ef4\u7cfb\u4e00\u5207\u7167\u65e7\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u6c1b\u56f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u660e\u661f\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5374\u4e1d\u6beb\u6ca1\u6709\u6fc0\u60c5\u4ee5\u53ca\u6311\u6218\u7684\u610f\u5473\uff1b\u800c\u6570\u5b66\u7cfb\u5462\uff0c\u5219\u88ab\u7075\u611f\u4ee5\u53ca\u72e9\u730e\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u7eaf\u7cb9\u4e50\u8da3\u7ed9\u7167\u4eae\u4e86\u3002\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4eff\u4f5b\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u661f\u7403\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5341\u5c81\u5927\u5149\u7740\u811a\u7a7f\u7740\u7834\u70c2\u725b\u4ed4\u88e4\u7684\u6d41\u6d6a\u5c0f\u5b69\uff0c\u82e5\u5728\u4e0b\u5348\u8336\u65f6\u95f4\u5e26\u7740\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8d70\u8fdbFine Hall\uff0c\u90a3\u60f3\u5fc5\u4f1a\u6709\u4eba\u53bb\u8046\u542c\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u5f53\u51af\u30fb\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\u5f00\u5c55\u6709\u5173\u589e\u957f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u65f6\uff0c\u9664\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u5916\uff0c\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u4f17\u591a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5b9a\u4f1a\u65e0\u804a\u5f97\u53ea\u77e5\u9053\u6253\u54c8\u6b20\u3002<\/p>\n
\u2014\u2014 \u8212\u6bd4\u514b\uff08\u6e90\u4e8e D\u00fcppe \u4ee5\u53ca Weintraub \u7f16\u8457\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u300a Finding Equilibrium* \u300b\u4e3a\u540d\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u4e8e 2014 \u5e74\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c 94\u9875\u6240\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3a\u53c2\u8003\uff09 \u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u662f\u5854\u514b\uff0c\u4ed6\u6301\u7eed\u6307\u5bfc\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5f80\u540e\u7684\u9876\u7ea7\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5927\u536b\u30fb\u6208\u5c14\uff08David Gale\uff0c1921 – 2008\uff09\uff0c\u542b\u62ec2012\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\u7f57\u4f0a\u5fb7\u30fb\u6c99\u666e\u5229\uff08Lloyd Shapley\uff0c1923 – 2016\uff09\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u7eb3\u4ec0 \u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bae\u4ef7\u95ee\u9898\uff081949\uff09<\/p>\n
\u5f85\u7814\u7a76\u7eb3\u4ec0\u5747\u8861\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7eb3\u4ec0\u520a\u53d1\u4e86\u5176\u5934\u4e00\u7bc7\u671f\u520a\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u6b64\u8bba\u6587\u540c\u6837\u56f4\u7ed5\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\uff0c\u628a\u7ecf\u5178\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u89c6\u4f5c\u8bae\u4ef7\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\u5df2\u6709\u597d\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u50cfCournot\u3001Bowley\u3001Fellner\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u501f\u7531\u6db5\u76d6\u53cc\u8fb9\u5784\u65ad\u8c03\u67e5\u7b49\u5404\u5f02\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\u8fc7\u63a2\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u5de6\u8fb9\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u5b66\u751f\u65f6\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u7eb3\u4ec0\uff0c\u53f3\u8fb9\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u5219\u4e0d\u662f\u522b\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u57281950\u5e74\u65f6\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u8bae\u4ef7\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff08The Bargaining Problem. Econometrica 18 (2), pp. 155 – 162. \uff09\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u7eb3\u4ec0 \u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u7eb3\u4ec0\u6240\u5199\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u8bae\u4ef7\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5373\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u80fd\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e92\u60e0\u4e92\u5229\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5462\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u65b9\u80fd\u591f\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5bf9\u65b9\u5141\u8bb8\u8fd9\u4e00\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u83b7\u53d6\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u79cd\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u5212\u5206\u9009\u62e9\u534f\u8bae\u201d\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u86cb\u7cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u516c\u5e73\u5206\u914d\u8fd9\u7c7b\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d1f\u8d23\u53bb\u5207\u8fd9\u4e2a\u86cb\u7cd5\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5219\u62e5\u6709\u4f18\u5148\u51b3\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u8981\u54ea\u4e00\u5757\u86cb\u7cd5\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u65e0\u5ac9\u5992\u86cb\u7cd5\u5206\u914d\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u7eb3\u4ec0\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bae\u4ef7\u60c5\u5f62\u6765\u505a\u7406\u8bba\u5256\u6790\u7684\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u72b6\u51b5\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u89e3\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e2a\u4f53\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u6db5\u76d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5047\u8bbe\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u51b5\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u5404\u7c7b\u7269\u54c1\u6709\u7740\u7cbe\u51c6\u7684\u504f\u597d\u611f\u77e5\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8bae\u4ef7\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b8c\u5168\u77e5\u6653\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u504f\u597d\u4fe1\u606f \u3002<\/p>\n
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\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u5355\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u6548\u7528\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u662f\u7eb3\u4ec0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5145\u8db3\u5047\u8bbe\u7684 \uff0c\u8fd8\u5212\u5206\u5728\u4e86\u4ed6 1944 \u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u90a3\u822c\u8bba\u6587\u60c5\u51b5\u4e4b\u4e2d \uff0c\u90a3\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u884c\u4e3a\u300b \u3002\u4ed6\u770b\u6cd5\u89c9\u5f97 \uff0c\u8bba\u6587\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u522b\u53bb\u4f30\u7b97\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5b9e\u9645\u53c2\u4e0e\u535a\u5f08\u7684\u4ef7\u503c \uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u535a\u5f08\u5e76\u975e\u96f6\u548c\u7684 \uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u53cc\u65b9\u6536\u76ca\u76f8\u52a0\u4e0d\u4e3a\u96f6\u624d\u7b97 \u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u53cc\u4eba\u7684\u975e\u96f6\u548c\u90a3\u4e2a\u535a\u5f08\u60c5\u5f62\u6765\u8bf4 \uff0c\u7eb3\u4ec0\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e86\u53c2\u4e0e\u5176\u4e2d\u73a9\u5bb6\u7684\u9884\u671f\u503c \uff1a<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u79cd\u53cc\u4eba\u671f\u671b\u503c\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5355\u4eba\u671f\u671b\u503c\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u4f4d\u73a9\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u60c5\u5f62\u6709\u7740\u51c6\u786e\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5355\u4eba\u671f\u671b\u503c\u80fd\u591f\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u53cc\u4eba\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5355\u4eba\u6548\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6c42\u53cc\u4eba\u6548\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u671f\u671b\u503c\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u82e5\u6709\u4e24\u4f4d\u73a9\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u60c5\u5f62\u6301\u6709\u51c6\u786e\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5355\u4eba\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u503c\u662f\u6784\u6210\u53cc\u4eba\u671f\u671b\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u4eba\u7684\u6548\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u6982\u7387\u6765\u6c42\u53cc\u4eba\u7684\u671f\u671b\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8981\u662f \u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u4eba\u671f\u671b \uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 0\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8ep\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e1 \uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 p\u52a0\u4e0a 1\u51cf\u53bbp\u7b49\u4e8e\u3002<\/p>\n
pA + (1-p) C, pB + (1-p) D<\/p>\n
\u7eb3\u4ec0\u628a\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u6548\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u6210\u4e86 \u548c \uff0c\u8fd8\u628a c (S) \u5b9a\u4e49\u4f5c\u5305\u542b\u539f\u70b9\u7684\u7d27\u51f8\u96c6\u5408 S \u5185\u7684\u89e3\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u5148\u662f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4fdd\u8bc1 \u6700\u5927\u65f6\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u89e3\u843d\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u8c61\u9650\uff0c\u96c6\u5408\u7d27\u6027\u786e\u4fdd\u89e3\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u51f8\u6027\u786e\u4fdd\u89e3\u552f\u4e00 \u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u56fe1\u6e90\u81ea\u7eb3\u4ec0\u6240\u8457\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u8bae\u4ef7\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff0c\u5b83\u793a\u610f\u51fa\u4e86\u73a9\u5bb61\u8ddf\u73a9\u5bb62\u5728\u6548\u7528\u96c6\u5408S\u91cc\u90a3\u552f\u6709\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8bae\u4ef7\u95ee\u9898\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff08\u7eb3\u4ec0\uff0c1950\uff09 \u3002<\/p>\n
\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5c0f\u660e\u548c\u5c0f\u7ea2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u975e\u5e38\u806a\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u624b\u4e0a\u4ec5\u62ff\u7740\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u8d27\u7269\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u94b1\u6b3e\u4f5c\u627e\u96f6\u7528\u3002\u4e3a\u4f7f\u95ee\u9898\u7b80\u4fbf\u4e9b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u83b7\u53d6\u5168\u90e8\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6548\u7528\u662f\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u5404\u4e2a\u8d27\u54c1\u9488\u5bf9\u4ed6\u800c\u8a00\u7684\u6548\u7528\u76f8\u52a0\u4e4b\u548c\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u8ff0\u7684\u8868\u683c\u91cc\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u6240\u5c5e\u6743\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9488\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6548\u7528\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6548\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u968f\u610f\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5c0f\u660e\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u8d27\u54c1\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5c0f\u660e\u7684\u8d27\u54c1\u5c0f\u660e\u7684\u6548\u7528\u5c0f\u7ea2\u7684\u6548\u7528<\/p>\n
\u97ad\u5b50<\/p>\n
\u7403\u62cd<\/p>\n
\u76d2\u5b50<\/p>\n
\u5c0f\u7ea2\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u8d27\u54c1\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5c0f\u7ea2\u7684\u8d27\u54c1\u5c0f\u660e\u7684\u6548\u7528\u5c0f\u7ea2\u7684\u6548\u7528<\/p>\n
\u94a2\u7b14<\/p>\n
10<\/p>\n
\u73a9\u5177<\/p>\n
\u5c0f\u5200<\/p>\n
\u5e3d\u5b50<\/p>\n
\u6709\u5173\u8bae\u4ef7\u95ee\u7684\u9898\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51f8\u591a\u8fb9\u5f62\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u591a\u8fb9\u5f62\u91cc\uff0c\u6548\u7528\u4e58\u79ef\u6700\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u70b9\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5c0f\u660e\u7ed9\u5c0f\u7ea2\uff1a\u4e66\u3001\u97ad\u5b50\u3001\u5c0f\u7403\u548c\u7403\u62cd\uff1b<\/p>\n
\u5c0f\u7ea2\u7ed9\u5c0f\u660e\uff1a\u94a2\u7b14\u3001\u73a9\u5177\u548c\u5c0f\u5200\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7eb3\u4ec0\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6b64\u8bae\u4ef7\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4f5c\u56fe<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1a\u89e3\u70b9\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u8c61\u9650\u3001\u77e9\u5f62\u53cc\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e0e\u53ef\u9009\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u5207\u70b9\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u4e0b\uff0c\u773c\u4e0b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e43\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c1a\u8fd8\u5e76\u4e0d\u6e05\u6670\u77e5\u6653\uff0c\u7eb3\u4ec0\u5f97\u51fa\u8fd9\u822c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u4ee5\u600e\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5173\u7cfb\u8981\u597d\u7684\u53cb\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u5e93\u6069\u5373 Harold Kuhn\uff081925 \u81f3 2014\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5728 2002 \u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u7eb3\u4ec0\u4f20\u8bb0\u300a The Essential John Nash \u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5728\u56de\u5fc6\u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6307\u5411\u8bba\u8ff0\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e4b\u9645\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5728\u7eb3\u4ec0\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97\uff0c\uff08\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff09\u88ab\u9001\u5230\u4e86\u51af\u30fb\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7eb3\u4ec0\u8fd8\u63d0\u9192\u4e86\u51af\u30fb\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\uff08\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\uff09\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u521d\u7eb3\u4ec0\u8fd8\u5728\u5361\u8010\u57fa\u7406\u5de5\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0a\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u95e8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u9009\u4fee\u8bfe\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8bba\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u4ed6\u8865\u5145\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u548c\u6211\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u7eb3\u4ec0\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5b58\u5728\u51fa\u5165\uff0c\u57281995\u5e74\u67d0\u4e00\u56de\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u7f57\u6770\u00b7\u6885\u8036\u68ee\u5171\u8fdb\u5348\u9910\u65f6\u8bb2\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u62b5\u8fbe\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u672c\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u600e\u6837\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3e\u4f8b\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5199\u4f5c\u4e4b\u4eba\u662f\u4e2a\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u7269\u54c1\u6db5\u76d6\u7403\u62cd\u3001\u7403\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u94a2\u7b14\u5c0f\u5200\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u7eb3\u4ec0\u4ece\u672a\u8bfb\u8fc7\u8bba\u6587\u5f15\u6587\u90e8\u5206\u6240\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u53e4\u8bfa\u3001\u9c8d\u5229\u3001\u5ef7\u7279\u7eb3\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d39\u5c14\u7eb3\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u2014\u2014 \u5e93\u6069<\/p>\n
20\u5c81\u7684\u7eb3\u4ec0\u53bb\u5230\u4e86\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\uff0c\u5230\u4e861950\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u8457\u540d\u671f\u520a\u300a\u8ba1\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u300b\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u8bae\u4ef7\u95ee\u9898\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7eb3\u4ec0\uff0c\u4e8e1950\u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\u300a\u8ba8\u4ef7\u8fd8\u4ef7\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff0c\u4e8e\u300a\u8ba1\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u300b\u7b2c18\u5377\u7b2c2\u671f\uff0c\u9875\u7801\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a155\u81f3162\u9875 \uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u6b64\u5185\u5bb9 \u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0e\u51af\u30fb\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41<\/p>\n
\u5373\u4f7f\u7eb3\u4ec0\u7684\u63a8\u8bba\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e0e\u51af\u30fb\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\u548c\u6469\u6839\u65af\u7279\u6069\u5bf9\u5408\u4f5c\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5448\u73b0\u76f8\u53cd\u6001\u52bf\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u7eb3\u4ec0\u7ed9\u975e\u5408\u4f5c\u535a\u5f08\u7406\u8bba\u642d\u5efa\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5b9e\u5b9e\u5728\u5728\u53d1\u6e90\u4e8e\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u822c\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u7eb3\u4ec0\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u7eb3\u4ec0\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728 1978 \u5e74\u8363\u83b7\u7ea6\u7ff0\u30fb\u51af\u30fb\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\u7406\u8bba\u5956\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u2014\u2014 \u7eb3\u8428\u5c14\u300a\u7f8e\u4e3d\u5fc3\u7075\u300b (1998)<\/p>\n
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